Icons 图标

我们提供了一些建议和指导，能够帮助您在 MUI 中使用图标。

MUI通过以下三种方式来支持图标的使用：

1. Standardized Material Icons exported as React components (SVG icons).
2. 或者可以将自定义的 SVG 图标通过 SvgIcon 组件来包装成一个 React 组件。
3. 或者可以将自定义的 font 图标通过 Icon 组件来包装成一个 React 组件。

Material SVG icons

Google has created over 2,000 official Material icons, each in five different "themes" (see below). 对于每个 SVG 图标，我们从@mui/icons-material 包中导出相应的 React 组件。 You can search the full list of these icons.

安装

To install and save in your package.json dependencies, run the command below using npm:

npm install @mui/icons-material

Or yarn:

yarn add @mui/icons-material

These components use the MUI SvgIcon component to render the SVG path for each icon, and so have a peer-dependency on @mui/material.

If you aren't already using Material UI in your project, you can add it following the installation guide.

使用

Import icons using one of these two options:

• 方法 1:

  import AccessAlarmIcon from '@mui/icons-material/AccessAlarm';
  import ThreeDRotation from '@mui/icons-material/ThreeDRotation';
  

  Copy (Or $keyC)

• 方法 2:

  import { AccessAlarm, ThreeDRotation } from '@mui/icons-material';
  

  Copy (Or $keyC)

The safest for bundle size is Option 1, but some developers prefer Option 2. Make sure you follow the minimizing bundle size guide before using the second approach.

Each Material icon also has a "theme": Filled (default), Outlined, Rounded, Two-tone, and Sharp. To import the icon component with a theme other than the default, append the theme name to the icon name. For example @mui/icons-material/Delete icon with:

• 导出为 Filled 主题（默认值）：@mui/icons/Delete，
• 导出为 Outlined 主题：@mui/icons/DeleteOutlined，
• 导出为 Rounded 主题：@mui/icons/DeleteRounded，
• 导出为 Twotone 主题：@mui/icons/DeleteTwoTone，
• 导出为 Sharp 主题：@mui/icons/DeleteSharp，

测试

For testing purposes, each icon exposed from @mui/icons-material has a data-testid attribute with the name of the icon. For instance:

import DeleteIcon from '@mui/icons-material/Delete';

has the following attribute once mounted:

<svg data-testid="DeleteIcon"></svg>

SvgIcon（Svg 图标）

If you need a custom SVG icon (not available in the Material Icons) you can use the SvgIcon wrapper. This component extends the native <svg> element:

• 它具备一些内置的无障碍设计。
• SVG 元素应该在 24x24px 的视口中进行缩放，这样所渲染的图标就可以按原样使用，或者作为其他使用图标的 Material-UI 组件的子元素。 使用 viewBox 属性，您可以随意自定义。 要继承原始图像的 viewBox 值，可以使用 inheritViewBox 属性。
• 默认情况下，此组件会继承当前的颜色。 当然，通过 color 这个属性，你可以让图标使用主题里的颜色。

function HomeIcon(props) {
  return (
    <SvgIcon {...props}>
      <path d="M10 20v-6h4v6h5v-8h3L12 3 2 12h3v8z" />
    </SvgIcon>
  );
}

Color 颜色

Size 大小

组件属性

You can use the SvgIcon wrapper even if your icons are saved in the .svg format. svgr has loaders to import SVG files and use them as React components. For example, with webpack:

// webpack.config.js
{
  test: /\.svg$/,
  use: ['@svgr/webpack'],
}

// ---
import StarIcon from './star.svg';

<SvgIcon component={StarIcon} inheritViewBox />

It's also possible to use it with "url-loader" or "file-loader". This is the approach used by Create React App.

// webpack.config.js
{
  test: /\.svg$/,
  use: ['@svgr/webpack', 'url-loader'],
}

// ---
import { ReactComponent as StarIcon } from './star.svg';

<SvgIcon component={StarIcon} inheritViewBox />

createSvgIcon

The createSvgIcon utility component is used to create the Material Icons. It can be used to wrap an SVG path with an SvgIcon component.

const HomeIcon = createSvgIcon(
  <path d="M10 20v-6h4v6h5v-8h3L12 3 2 12h3v8z" />,
  'Home',
);

Font Awesome

If you find that there are layout issues when using FontAwesomeIcon from @fortawesome/react-fontawesome, you can try passing the Font Awesome SVG data directly to SvgIcon.

Below is a comparison of the FontAwesomeIcon component and a wrapped SvgIcon component.

FontAwesomeIcon's fullWidth prop can also be used to approximate the correct dimensions, but it isn't perfect.

其他图标库

MDI

materialdesignicons.com provides over 2,000 icons. For the wanted icon, copy the SVG path they provide, and use it as the child of the SvgIcon component, or with createSvgIcon().

Note: mdi-material-ui has already wrapped each of these SVG icons with the SvgIcon component, so you don't have to do it yourself.

Icon（字体图标）

The Icon component will display an icon from any icon font that supports ligatures. As a prerequisite, you must include one, such as the Material Icons font in your project. To use an icon simply wrap the icon name (font ligature) with the Icon component, for example:

import Icon from '@mui/material/Icon';

<Icon>star</Icon>;

By default, an Icon will inherit the current text color. Optionally, you can set the icon color using one of the theme color properties: primary, secondary, action, error & disabled.

Font Material Icons

Icon will by default set the correct base class name for the Material Icons font (filled variant). All you need to do is load the font, for instance, via Google Web Fonts:

<link
  rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons"
/>

自定义字体

For other fonts, you can customize the baseline class name using the baseClassName prop. For instance, you can display two-tone icons with Material Design:

import Icon from '@mui/material/Icon';

<link
  rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Material+Icons+Two+Tone"
  // Import the two tones MD variant                           ^^^^^^^^
/>;

全局类名

Modifying the baseClassName prop for each component usage is repetitive. You can change the default prop globally with the theme

const theme = createTheme({
  components: {
    MuiIcon: {
      defaultProps: {
        // Replace the `material-icons` default value.
        baseClassName: 'material-icons-two-tone',
      },
    },
  },
});

Then, you can use the two-tone font directly:

<Icon>add_circle</Icon>

Font Awesome

Font Awesome can be used with the Icon component as follows:

Note that the Font Awesome icons weren't designed like the Material Icons (compare the two previous demos). The fa icons are cropped to use all the space available. You can adjust for this with a global override:

const theme = createTheme({
  components: {
    MuiIcon: {
      styleOverrides: {
        root: {
          // Match 24px = 3 * 2 + 1.125 * 16
          boxSizing: 'content-box',
          padding: 3,
          fontSize: '1.125rem',
        },
      },
    },
  },
});

Font vs SVG。 使用哪个更好呢？

Both approaches work fine, however there are some subtle differences, especially in terms of performance and rendering quality. Whenever possible SVG is preferred as it allows code splitting, supports more icons, and renders faster and better.

For more details, take a look at why GitHub migrated from font icons to SVG icons.

无障碍设计

Icons can convey all sorts of meaningful information, so it's important to ensure they are accessible where appropriate. There are two use cases you'll want to consider:

• 装饰性图标仅用于增强视觉或强调品牌。 即使将它们从页面中移除，用户仍然可以理解并能够使用整个界面。
• 语义图标指你用来传达意义的图标，而不仅仅是纯粹的装饰。 这包含了没有文字辅助说明的图标，这些图标一般被用作在交互式控件中 — 按钮、表单元素、切换按钮等。

装饰性图标

If your icons are purely decorative, you're already done! The aria-hidden=true attribute is added so that your icons are properly accessible (invisible).

语义图标

语义化的 SVG icons

You should include the titleAccess prop with a meaningful value. The role="img" attribute and the <title> element are added so that your icons are correctly accessible.

In the case of focusable interactive elements, for example when used with an icon button, you can use the aria-label prop:

import IconButton from '@mui/material/IconButton';
import SvgIcon from '@mui/material/SvgIcon';

// ...

<IconButton aria-label="delete">
  <SvgIcon>
    <path d="M20 12l-1.41-1.41L13 16.17V4h-2v12.17l-5.58-5.59L4 12l8 8 8-8z" />
  </SvgIcon>
</IconButton>;

语义化的 font icons

You need to provide a text alternative that is only visible to assistive technologies.

import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Icon from '@mui/material/Icon';
import { visuallyHidden } from '@mui/utils';

// ...

<Icon>add_circle</Icon>
<Box component="span" sx={visuallyHidden}>Create a user</Box>

参考

• https://www.tpgi.com/using-aria-enhance-svg-accessibility/

API

• <Icon />
• <SvgIcon />