Style library interoperability

While you can use the Emotion-based styling solution provided by MUI to style your application, you can also use the one you already know and love (from plain CSS to styled-components).

本指南旨在归档当前比较流行的一些替代方案，但是您会发现在这里运用的法则，也可以在其他库里适用。我们为以下的样式方案提供了一些示例：

纯 CSS
全局 CSS
Styled Components
CSS Modules
Emotion
Tailwind CSS
~~JSS~~ TSS

纯 CSS

没有什么特别花哨的，只是纯 CSS。

PlainCssSlider.css

.slider {
  color: #20b2aa;
}

.slider:hover {
  color: #2e8b57;
}

PlainCssSlider.js

import * as React from 'react';
import Slider from '@mui/core/Slider';
import './PlainCssSlider.css';

export default function PlainCssSlider() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Slider defaultValue={30} />
      <Slider defaultValue={30} className="slider" />
    </div>
  );
}

CSS 注入顺序 ⚠️

注意： 大多数的 CSS-in-JS 解决方案是在 HTML <head> 的底部注入它们的样式，这会导致你的自定义样式被 Material-UI 的样式规则所覆盖。如果你有移除 !important 的需求，那么就需要改变 CSS 注入顺序。 Here's a demo of how it can be done in Material-UI:

import * as React from 'react';
import { StyledEngineProvider } from '@mui/material/styles';

export default function GlobalCssPriority() {
  return (
    <StyledEngineProvider injectFirst>
      {/* 您的组件树。 现在您可以覆盖 Material-UI 的样式。 */}
    </StyledEngineProvider>
  );
}

Note: If you are using Emotion and have a custom cache in your app, that one will override the one coming from MUI. 为了使注入顺序仍然正确，您需要添加前缀选项。下面是一个示例：

import * as React from 'react';
import { CacheProvider } from '@emotion/react';
import createCache from '@emotion/cache';

const cache = createCache({
  key: 'css',
  prepend: true,
});

export default function PlainCssPriority() {
  return (
    <CacheProvider value={cache}>
      {这里编写你的组件树。 Now you can override MUI's styles. */}
    </CacheProvider>
  );
} */}
    </CacheProvider>
  );
}

更深层的元素

如果你试图自定义滑块的样式，那么很可能会影响到滑块的一些子元素，例如滚动条的箭头（thumb）。在 Material-UI 中，所有的子元素都增加了两层的特定类：.parent .child {}。 When writing overrides, you need to do the same.

以下示例除了覆盖滑块本身的自定义样式外，还覆盖了滑块的 thumb 样式。

PlainCssSliderDeep1.css

.slider {
  color: #20b2aa;
}

.slider:hover {
  color: #2e8b57;
}

.slider .MuiSlider-thumb {
  border-radius: 1px;
}

PlainCssSliderDeep1.js

import * as React from 'react';
import Slider from '@mui/core/Slider';
import './PlainCssSliderDeep1.css';

export default function PlainCssSliderDeep1() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Slider defaultValue={30} />
      <Slider defaultValue={30} className="slider" />
    </div>
  );
}

The above demo relies on the default className values, but you can provide your own class name with the componentsProps API.

PlainCssSliderDeep2.css

.slider {
  color: #20b2aa;
}

.slider:hover {
  color: #2e8b57;
}

.slider .thumb {
  border-radius: 1px;
}

PlainCssSliderDeep2.js

import * as React from 'react';
import Slider from '@mui/core/Slider';
import './PlainCssSliderDeep2.css';

export default function PlainCssSliderDeep2() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Slider defaultValue={30} />
      <Slider
        defaultValue={30}
        className="slider"
        componentsProps={{ thumb: { className: 'thumb' } }}
      />
    </div>
  );
}

全局 CSS

明确向提组件提供类名是不是太大费周章了？ You can target the class names generated by MUI.

GlobalCssSlider.css

.MuiSlider-root {
  color: #20b2aa;
}

.MuiSlider-root:hover {
  color: #2e8b57;
}

GlobalCssSlider.js

import * as React from 'react';
import Slider from '@mui/core/Slider';
import './GlobalCssSlider.css';

export default function GlobalCssSlider() {
  return <Slider defaultValue={30} />;
}

CSS 注入顺序 ⚠️

如果你有移除 !important 的需求，那么就需要改变 CSS 注入顺序。 注意： 大多数的 CSS-in-JS 解决方案是在 HTML <head> 的底部注入它们的样式，这会导致你的自定义样式被 Material-UI 的样式规则所覆盖。 Here's a demo of how it can be done in Material-UI:

import * as React from 'react';
import { StyledEngineProvider } from '@mui/material/styles';

export default function GlobalCssPriority() {
  return (
    <StyledEngineProvider injectFirst>
      {/* Your component tree. Now you can override MUI's styles. */}
    </CacheProvider>
  );
} */}
    </StyledEngineProvider>
  );
}

Note: If you are using Emotion and have a custom cache in your app, that one will override the one coming from MUI. In order for the injection order to still be correct, you need to add the prepend option. Here is an example:

import * as React from 'react';
import { CacheProvider } from '@emotion/react';
import createCache from '@emotion/cache';

const cache = createCache({
  key: 'css',
  prepend: true,
});

export default function GlobalCssPriority() {
  return (
    <CacheProvider value={cache}>
      {/* 这里编写你的组件树。 Now you can override MUI's styles. */}
    </CacheProvider>
  );
}

Note: If you are using styled-components and have StyleSheetManager with a custom target, make sure that the target is the first element in the HTML <head>. If you are curious to see how it can be done, you can take a look on the StylesProvider implementation in the @mui/styled-engine-sc package. If you are curious to see how it can be done, you can take a look on the StylesProvider implementation in the @mui/styled-engine-sc package. If you are curious to see how it can be done, you can take a look on the StyledEngineProvider implementation in the @mui/styled-engine-sc package.

更深层的元素

如果你试图自定义滑块的样式，那么很可能会影响到滑块的一些子元素，例如滚动条的箭头（thumb）。在 Material-UI 中，所有的子元素都增加了两层的特定类：.parent .child {}。所以在编写覆盖样式的时候，你也需要这样做。

以下示例除了覆盖滑块本身的自定义样式外，还覆盖了滑块的 thumb 样式。

GlobalCssSliderDeep.css

.MuiSlider-root {
  color: #20b2aa;
}

.MuiSlider-root:hover {
  color: #2e8b57;
}

.MuiSlider-root .MuiSlider-thumb {
  border-radius: 1px;
}

GlobalCssSliderDeep.js

import * as React from 'react';
import Slider from '@mui/core/Slider';
import './GlobalCssSliderDeep.css';

export default function GlobalCssSliderDeep() {
  return <Slider defaultValue={30} />;
}

Styled Components

npm

改变默认的样式引擎

By default, MUI components come with Emotion as their style engine. If, however, you would like to use styled-components, you can configure your app by following the styled engine guide or starting with one of the example projects:

After the style engine is configured properly, you can use the styled() utility from @mui/core/styles and have direct access to the theme.

After the style engine is configured properly, you can use the styled() utility from @mui/material/styles and have direct access to the theme.

import * as React from 'react';
import Slider from '@mui/core/Slider';
import { styled } from '@mui/core/styles';

const CustomizedSlider = styled(Slider)`
  color: #20b2aa;

  :hover {
    color: #2e8b57;
  }
`;

export default function StyledComponents() {
  return <CustomizedSlider defaultValue={30} />;
}

更深层的元素

以下示例除了覆盖滑块本身的自定义样式外，还覆盖了滑块的 thumb 样式。

import * as React from 'react';
import { styled } from '@mui/material/styles';
import Slider from '@mui/material/Slider';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';

const CustomizedSlider = styled(Slider)`
  color: #20b2aa;

  :hover {
    color: #2e8b57;
  }

  & .MuiSlider-thumb {
    border-radius: 1px;
  }
`;

export default function StyledComponentsDeep() {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ width: 300 }}>
      <Slider defaultValue={30} />
      <CustomizedSlider defaultValue={30} />
    </Box>
  );
}

The above demo relies on the default className values, but you can provide your own class name with the componentsProps API.

import * as React from 'react';
import { styled } from '@mui/core/styles';
import Slider from '@mui/core/Slider';

const CustomizedSlider = styled((props) => (
  <Slider componentsProps={{ thumb: { className: 'thumb' } }} {...props} />
))`
  color: #20b2aa;

  :hover {
    color: #2e8b57;
  }

  & .thumb {
    border-radius: 1px;
  }
`;

export default function StyledComponentsDeep2() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Slider defaultValue={30} />
      <CustomizedSlider defaultValue={30} />
    </div>
  );
}

主题

我们鼓励你在 Material-UI 和你项目的其他部分之间共享相同的主题对象。

You are encouraged to share the same theme object between MUI and the rest of your project.

const CustomizedSlider = styled(Slider)(
  ({ theme }) => `
  color: ${theme.palette.primary.main};

  :hover {
    color: ${darken(theme.palette.primary.main, 0.2)};
  }
`,
);

<ThemeProvider theme={customTheme}>
  <CustomizedSlider defaultValue={30} />
</ThemeProvider>

Portals（传送门组件）

The Portal provides a first-class way to render children into a DOM node that exists outside the DOM hierarchy of the parent component. Because of the way styled-components scopes its CSS, you may run into issues where styling is not applied.

For example, if you attempt to style the tooltip generated by the Tooltip component, you will need to pass along the className property to the element being rendered outside of it's DOM hierarchy. The following example shows a workaround:

import * as React from 'react';
import { styled } from '@mui/core/styles';
import Button from '@mui/core/Button';
import Tooltip from '@mui/core/Tooltip';

const StyledTooltip = styled(({ className, ...props }) => (
  <Tooltip {...props} classes={{ popper: className }} />
))`
  & .MuiTooltip-tooltip {
    background: navy;
  }
`;

<StyledTooltip title="I am navy">
  <Button variant="contained" color="primary">
    Styled tooltip
  </Button>
</StyledTooltip>

CSS Modules

It's hard to know the market share of this styling solution as it's dependent on the bundling solution people are using.

CssModulesSlider.module.css

.slider {
  color: #20b2aa;
}

.slider:hover {
  color: #2e8b57;
}

CssModulesSlider.js

import * as React from 'react';
import Slider from '@mui/core/Slider';
// webpack, parcel or else will inject the CSS into the page
import styles from './CssModulesSlider.module.css';

export default function CssModulesSlider() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Slider defaultValue={30} />
      <Slider defaultValue={30} className={styles.slider} />
    </div>
  );
}

CSS 注入顺序 ⚠️

Note: Most CSS-in-JS solutions inject their styles at the bottom of the HTML <head>, which gives MUI precedence over your custom styles. To remove the need for !important, you need to change the CSS injection order. Here's a demo of how it can be done in MUI:

import * as React from 'react';
import { StyledEngineProvider } from '@mui/material/styles';

export default function GlobalCssPriority() {
  return (
    <StyledEngineProvider injectFirst>
      {/* Your component tree. Now you can override MUI's styles. */}
    </StyledEngineProvider>
  );
}

import * as React from 'react';
import { CacheProvider } from '@emotion/react';
import createCache from '@emotion/cache';

const cache = createCache({
  key: 'css',
  prepend: true,
});

export default function CssModulesPriority() {
  return (
    <CacheProvider value={cache}>
      {/* Your component tree. Now you can override MUI's styles. */}
    </CacheProvider>
  );
}

更深层的元素

If you attempt to style the Slider, you will likely need to affect some of the Slider's child elements, for example the thumb. In MUI, all child elements have an increased specificity of 2: .parent .child {}. When writing overrides, you need to do the same. It's important to keep in mind that CSS Modules adds an unique id to each class, and that id won't be present on the MUI provided children class. To escape from that, CSS Modules provides a functionality, the :global selector.

The following examples override the slider's thumb style in addition to the custom styles on the slider itself.

CssModulesSliderDeep1.module.css

.slider {
  color: #20b2aa;
}

.slider:hover {
  color: #2e8b57;
}

.slider :global .MuiSlider-thumb {
  border-radius: 1px;
}

CssModulesSliderDeep1.js

import * as React from 'react';
// webpack, parcel or else will inject the CSS into the page
import styles from './CssModulesSliderDeep1.module.css';
import Slider from '@mui/core/Slider';

export default function CssModulesSliderDeep1() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Slider defaultValue={30} />
      <Slider defaultValue={30} className={styles.slider} />
    </div>
  );
}

The above demo relies on the default className values, but you can provide your own class name with the componentsProps API.

CssModulesSliderDeep2.module.css

.slider {
  color: #20b2aa;
}

.slider:hover {
  color: #2e8b57;
}

.slider .thumb {
  border-radius: 1px;
}

CssModulesSliderDeep2.js

import * as React from 'react';
// webpack, parcel or else will inject the CSS into the page
import styles from './CssModulesSliderDeep2.module.css';
import Slider from '@mui/core/Slider';

export default function CssModulesSliderDeep2() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Slider defaultValue={30} />
      <Slider
        defaultValue={30}
        className={styles.slider}
        componentsProps={{ thumb: { className: styles.thumb } }}
      />
    </div>
  );
}

Emotion

npm

`css` 属性

Emotion's css() method works seamlessly with MUI.

/* eslint-disable react/react-in-jsx-scope -- Unaware of jsxImportSource */
/** @jsxImportSource @emotion/react */
import { css } from '@emotion/react';
import Slider from '@mui/material/Slider';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';

export default function EmotionCSS() {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ width: 300 }}>
      <Slider defaultValue={30} />
      <Slider
        defaultValue={30}
        css={css`
          color: #20b2aa;

          :hover {
            color: #2e8b57;
          }
        `}
      />
    </Box>
  );
}

主题

它会像 styled components 一样起作用。 You can use the same guide.

`styled()` API

It works exactly like styled components. You can use the same guide.

Tailwind CSS

npm

Setup

If you are used to Tailwind CSS and want to use it together with the MUI components, you can start by cloning the Tailwind CSS example project. If you use a different framework, or already have set up your project, follow these steps:

Add Tailwind CSS to your project, following the instructions in https://tailwindcss.com/docs/installation.
Remove Tailwind CSS's preflight style so it can use the MUI's preflight instead (CssBaseline).

tailwind.config.js

 module.exports = {
+  corePlugins: {
+    preflight: false,
+  },
 };

Add the important option, using the id of your app wrapper. For example, #__next for Next.js and "#root" for CRA:

tailwind.config.js

 module.exports = {
   content: [
     "./src/**/*.{js,jsx,ts,tsx}",
   ],
+  important: '#root',
   theme: {
     extend: {},
   },
   plugins: [],
 }

Most of the CSS used by Material UI has as specificity of 1, hence this important property is unnecessary. However, in a few edge cases, MUI uses nested CSS selectors that win over Tailwind CSS. Use this step to help ensure that the deeper elements can always be customized using Tailwind's utility classes. More details on this option can be found here https://tailwindcss.com/docs/configuration#selector-strategy

Fix the CSS injection order. Most CSS-in-JS solutions inject their styles at the bottom of the HTML <head>, which gives MUI precedence over Tailwind CSS. To reduce the need for the important property, you need to change the CSS injection order. Here's a demo of how it can be done in MUI:

import * as React from 'react';
import { StyledEngineProvider } from '@mui/material/styles';

export default function GlobalCssPriority() {
  return (
    <StyledEngineProvider injectFirst>
      {/* Your component tree. Now you can override MUI's styles. */}
    </CacheProvider>
  );
} */}
    </StyledEngineProvider>
  );
}

Note: If you are using Emotion and have a custom cache in your app, it will override the one coming from MUI. In order for the injection order to still be correct, you need to add the prepend option. Here is an example:

import * as React from 'react';
import { CacheProvider } from '@emotion/react';
import createCache from '@emotion/cache';

const cache = createCache({
  key: 'css',
  prepend: true,
});

export default function PlainCssPriority() {
  return (
    <CacheProvider value={cache}>
      {这里编写你的组件树。 Now you can override MUI's styles. */}
    </CacheProvider>
  );
}

Change the target container for Portal-related elements so that they are injected under the main app wrapper that was used in step 3 for setting up the important option in the Tailwind config.

const rootElement = document.getElementById("root");
const root = createRoot(rootElement);

const theme = createTheme({
  components: {
    MuiPopover: {
      defaultProps: {
        container: rootElement,
      },
    },
    MuiPopper: {
      defaultProps: {
        container: rootElement,
      },
    },
  },
});

root.render(
  <StyledEngineProvider injectFirst>
    <ThemeProvider theme={theme}>
      <App />
    </ThemeProvider>
  </StyledEngineProvider>;
);

Usage

Now it's all set up and you can start using Tailwind CSS on the MUI components!

index.tsx

import * as React from 'react';
import Slider from '@mui/material/Slider';

export default function App() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Slider defaultValue={30} />
      <Slider defaultValue={30} className="text-teal-600" />
    </div>
  );
}

Deeper elements

If you attempt to style the Slider, for example, you'll likely want to customize its child elements.

This example showcases how to override the Slider's thumb style.

SliderThumbOverrides.tsx

import * as React from 'react';
import Slider from '@mui/material/Slider';

export default function SliderThumbOverrides() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Slider defaultValue={30} />
      <Slider
        defaultValue={30}
        className="text-teal-600"
        componentsProps={{ thumb: { className: 'rounded-sm' } }}
      />
    </div>
  );
}

Styling pseudo states

If you want to style a component's pseudo-state, you can use the appropriate key in the classes prop. Here is an example of how you can style the Slider's active state:

SliderPseudoStateOverrides.tsx

import * as React from 'react';
import Slider from '@mui/material/Slider';

export default function SliderThumbOverrides() {
  return <Slider defaultValue={30} classes={{ active: 'shadow-none' }} />;
}

JSS TSS

JSS itself is no longer supported in MUI however, if you like the hook-based API (makeStyles → useStyles) that react-jss was offering you can opt for tss-react.

TSS integrates well with MUI and provide a better TypeScript support than JSS.

import { render } from 'react-dom';
import { CacheProvider } from '@emotion/react';
import createCache from '@emotion/cache';
import { ThemeProvider } from '@mui/material/styles';

export const muiCache = createCache({
  key: 'mui',
  prepend: true,
});

//NOTE: Don't use <StyledEngineProvider injectFirst/>
render(
  <CacheProvider value={muiCache}>
    <ThemeProvider theme={myTheme}>
      <Root />
    </ThemeProvider>
  </CacheProvider>,
  document.getElementById('root'),
);

Now you can simply import { makeStyles, withStyles } from 'tss-react/mui'. The theme object that will be passed to your callbacks functions will be the one you get with import { useTheme } from '@mui/material/styles'.

If you want to take controls over what the theme object should be, you can re-export makeStyles and withStyles from a file called, for example, makesStyles.ts:

import { useTheme } from '@mui/material/styles';
//WARNING: tss-react require TypeScript v4.4 or newer. If you can't update use:
//import { createMakeAndWithStyles } from "tss-react/compat";
import { createMakeAndWithStyles } from 'tss-react';

export const { makeStyles, withStyles } = createMakeAndWithStyles({
  useTheme,
  /*
    OR, if you have extended the default mui theme adding your own custom properties:
    Let's assume the myTheme object that you provide to the <ThemeProvider /> is of
    type MyTheme then you'll write:
    */
  //"useTheme": useTheme as (()=> MyTheme)
});

Then, the library is used like this:

import { makeStyles } from 'tss-react/mui';

export function MyComponent(props: Props) {
  const { className } = props;

  const [color, setColor] = useState<'red' | 'blue'>('red');

  const { classes, cx } = useStyles({ color });

  //Thanks to cx, className will take priority over classes.root
  return <span className={cx(classes.root, className)}>hello world</span>;
}

const useStyles = makeStyles<{ color: 'red' | 'blue' }>()((theme, { color }) => ({
  root: {
    color,
    '&:hover': {
      backgroundColor: theme.palette.primary.main,
    },
  },
}));

For info on how to setup SSR or anything else, please refer to the TSS documentation.

Style library interoperability

纯 CSS

CSS 注入顺序 ⚠️

更深层的元素

全局 CSS

CSS 注入顺序 ⚠️

更深层的元素

Styled Components

改变默认的样式引擎

更深层的元素

主题

Portals（传送门组件）

CSS Modules

CSS 注入顺序 ⚠️

更深层的元素

Emotion

css 属性

主题

styled() API

Tailwind CSS

Setup

Usage

Deeper elements

Styling pseudo states

JSS TSS

`css` 属性

`styled()` API