Skeleton

Display a placeholder preview of your content before the data gets loaded to reduce load-time frustration.

The data for your components might not be immediately available. You can improve the perceived responsiveness of the page by using skeletons. It feels like things are happening immediately, then the information is incrementally displayed on the screen (Cf. Avoid The Spinner).

Usage

The component is designed to be used directly in your components. For instance:

{
  item ? (
    <img
      style={{
        width: 210,
        height: 118,
      }}
      alt={item.title}
      src={item.src}
    />
  ) : (
    <Skeleton variant="rectangular" width={210} height={118} />
  );
}

Variants

The component supports 4 shape variants:

text (default): represents a single line of text (you can adjust the height via font size).
circular, rectangular, and rounded: come with different border radius to let you take control of the size.

{/* For variant="text", adjust the height via font-size */}
<Skeleton variant="text" sx={{ fontSize: '1rem' }} />

{/* For other variants, adjust the size with `width` and `height` */}
<Skeleton variant="circular" width={40} height={40} />
<Skeleton variant="rectangular" width={210} height={60} />
<Skeleton variant="rounded" width={210} height={60} />

Animations

By default, the skeleton pulsates, but you can change the animation to a wave or disable it entirely.

<Skeleton />
<Skeleton animation="wave" />
<Skeleton animation={false} />

Pulsate example

Don Diablo @ Tomorrowland Main Stage 2019 | Official…

Don Diablo396k views • a week ago

Queen - Greatest Hits

Queen Official40M views • 3 years ago

Calvin Harris, Sam Smith - Promises (Official Video)

Calvin Harris130M views • 10 months ago

Wave example

Ted5 hours ago

Why First Minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon thinks GDP is the wrong measure of a country's success:

Inferring dimensions

In addition to accepting width and height props, the component can also infer the dimensions.

It works well when it comes to typography as its height is set using em units.

<Typography variant="h1">{loading ? <Skeleton /> : 'h1'}</Typography>

body1

caption

But when it comes to other components, you may not want to repeat the width and height. In these instances, you can pass children and it will infer its width and height from them.

loading ? (
  <Skeleton variant="circular">
    <Avatar />
  </Skeleton>
) : (
  <Avatar src={data.avatar} />
);

Ted

Color

The color of the component can be customized by changing its background-color CSS property. This is especially useful when on a black background (as the skeleton will otherwise be invisible).

<Skeleton
  sx={{ bgcolor: 'grey.900' }}
  variant="rectangular"
  width={210}
  height={118}
/>

Accessibility

Skeleton screens provide an alternative to the traditional spinner method. Rather than showing an abstract widget, skeleton screens create anticipation of what is to come and reduce cognitive load.

The background color of the skeleton uses the least amount of luminance to be visible in good conditions (good ambient light, good screen, no visual impairments).

ARIA

None.

Keyboard

The skeleton is not focusable.

API

<Skeleton />